4 THE QUR'ANIC DOCTRINE OF GOD

'It is God who hath created the Heavens and the Earth, and sendeth down water from the Heaven, and so bringeth forth the fruits for your food: And He hath subjected to you the ships, so that by His command, they pass through the sea; and He hath subjected the rivers to you: And He hath subjected to you the sun and the moon in their constant courses: and He hath subjected the day and the night to you; of everything which ye ask Him, giveth He to you; and if ye would reckon up the favours of God, ye cannot count them! Surely man is unjust, ungrateful!' 1

'Hast thou not seen that God driveth clouds lightly forward, then gathereth them together, then pileth them in masses? And then thou seest the rain forthcoming from their midst; and He causeth clouds like mountains charged with hail, to descend from the heaven, and He maketh it to fall on whom He will, and from whom He will He turneth it aside. The brightness of His lightning all but taketh away the sight?

'God causeth the day and the night to take their turn. Verily in this is teaching for men of insight.' 2

'Say: Praise be to God and peace be on His servants whom He hath chosen! Is God the more worthy or the gods they join with Him?

'Is it not He, who hath made the Heavens and the Earth, and hath sent down rain to you from Heaven, by which we cause the luxuriant groves to spring up? It is not in your power to cause its trees to spring


1 Suratu Ibrahim (xiv) 37; cf. xxi. 34; xxix. 61; xxxvi. 36; xxxix. 7; lv. 4; lxxi. 14; xliii. 8 ff.
2 Suratu'n-Nur (xxiv) 43-4.
THE NATURE OF GOD 5

up! What! A god with God? Yet they find equals for Him!

'Is not He, who hath set the earth so firm, and hath made rivers in its midst, and hath placed mountains upon it, and put a barrier between the two seas? What! a god with God? Yet the greater part of them have no knowledge!

'Is not He the more worthy who answereth the oppressed when they cry to Him, and taketh off their ills, and maketh you to succeed your sires on the earth? What! a god with God? How few bear these things in mind!

'Is not He, who guideth you in the darkness of the land and of the sea, and who sendeth forth the winds as the forerunners of His mercy? What! a god with God? Far from God be what ye join with Him!

'Is not He, who created a being, then reneweth it, and who supplieth you out of the Heaven and the Earth? What! a god with God? Say: Bring forth your proofs if you speak the truth.' 1

Many more passages might be quoted, or referred to, as showing the range over which Muhammad's mind passed when he sought to give evidences of the existence of God, and of the wonderful manner in which He planned, created, rules and over-rules all things.

All these evidences, however, are adduced not so much to show that there is a God, as to show that the God who is, is one God. In nature and in providence


1 Suratu'n-Naml (xxvii) 60-5; cf. xxxi. 9; lv. 1-11; lxxxvii. 1-5; xvi. 80; vi. 95-9.