that He is the rewarder of them that seek Him. The Qur'an has nothing to say to him who would seek to live a good moral life, and leave the question of belief in God and all that that implies, to the mercy and justice of God should He, perchance, exist.

It is unnecessary to quote passages which teach the existence of God. These are so numerous and so plain in their teaching that we may take them for granted. That God is, and that there is none other than He, is the fundamental teaching of the Qur'an. In order, then, that man may find or attain to salvation, he must first of all believe in God. The question of the doctrine of God does not come up for consideration here. It is faith in God which we here consider. This saving faith is not mere outward profession of belief in God, even accompanied by seemingly scrupulous attention to the duties incumbent on believers. This is seen, for instance, in the following passage: 'Say, Make ye your offerings, voluntarily or by constraint; it cannot be accepted from you, because ye are a wicked people, and nothing hindreth the acceptance of their offerings, but that they believe not in God and His Apostle, and perform not (the duty of prayer), but with sluggishness; and make not offerings but with reluctance. . . . They swear by God that they are indeed of you; yet they are not of you, but are a people who are afraid (of you)'.¹ Inward faith must lie at the foundation of all religious actions.

We find a statement which may be taken as a fair exposition of what according to the Qur'an is embraced within the scope of saving faith. ' 0 true believers, believe in God and His Apostle, and the Book which

He hath sent down to His Apostle, and the Book which He hath formerly sent down. And whosoever believeth not on God, and His Angels, and His Scriptures, and His Apostles, and the last day, he surely hath erred in a wide mistake'.¹

According to this, which is, perhaps, the most general and most comprehensive statement to be found in the Qur'an as to what is required of those who would be saved, we see that there are five articles of belief necessary to salvation. 1. God, 2. His Angels, 3. His Books, 4. His Apostles, 5. The Last Day. Into the discussion of the details of these articles of faith we do not intend to enter. A point, however, which is most interesting to note in passing, is that (predestination), the sixth article of Faith, according to the teachings of the orthodox Muhammadan divines finds no place in this Qur'anic Quicunque vult and it cannot be truly claimed to be one of the necessary articles of faith according to the teaching of the Qur'an. That the doctrine of predestination is taught in the Qur'an, is, of course, certain. How it is to be systematically stated is doubtful. But that there is in the Qur'an any demand that it be held in any special form, or according to any special dogmatic statement of it, as an essential of saving faith, it is hard to believe and in our view impossible to prove.

Saving faith, however, includes more than even hearty inward acceptance of these five points. It includes trust in God. That is, it is a personal attitude towards this God, faith in whom is demanded. The believer must have confidence in God, and be willing to commit