x INTRODUCTION

One of the first things that strikes a man in turning his mind to the existing religions, is their great number and variety. No nation has yet been discovered without some kind of religion, or some object of worship. This indicates plainly that man was originally created for God, and that he cannot help feeling at times that there is a higher Being on whom he depends, and to whom he owes something. But the manner in which men seek to serve and worship God differs most widely: There are heathen religions in which the priest can take any piece of stone, wood, or iron, any feather, fruit, or other thing, and consecrate it an object of worship for the people. In some pagan lands God is worshipped under the symbol of animals, such as cows, alligators, serpents, or that of fire and light, or of the sun, moon, and stars. In India, besides the highest God, or Brahm, many subordinate deities are worshipped. Others, again, assert that themselves and all existing things together, constitute the Deity. Now with these different polytheistic and pantheistic systems we will have nothing more to do on the present occasion, as it is not supposed that, for any one reading these lines, they can have the slightest attraction. Nor is any attempt trade to persuade us to embrace them. They only show that man cannot live without God and without religion; so that, if he does not know the true God

INTRODUCTION xi

and the true religion, he will invent for himself false deities and false modes of worship.

But besides these polytheistic or pantheistic, and therefore erroneous and heathen creeds, there remain three religions claiming an origin in a special divine revelation, and equally professing the worship of the one true God, the Creator and Lord of all, namely, the Jewish, the Muhammadan, and the Christian.1 These three contain, in their monotheistic character, a most essential element of the true religion. But as they also differ from one another in many respects, and on most important questions, they cannot all be equally true; and if we do not wish to entertain the preposterous idea that all religions are false, and that in regard to his highest, that is his religious, wants man is left entirely in the dark without the unerring light of a divine revelation, we must allow that one of them is the true religion in the highest and absolute sense. Now which of the three is it? On this momentous question we shall endeavour, by what follows, to enable the reader, with the blessing of God, to arrive at a clear and well-founded conviction.


1 By the terms Judaism and the Jewish religion is meant, in this book, the religion taught in the Old Testament. How far this ancient religion was the same as the now existing modern Judaism is not here discussed.