54 THE QUR'ANIC DOCTRINE OF GOD

the word, we cannot but see how unimportant a place the Holiness of God held in the mind of Muhammad, when he could say all that he had to say on the subject in these three passages, which, as we have seen cannot be said to contain any teaching on either the fact or the nature of God's holiness.

If we look through the Qur'an in search of other passages which, without specifically speaking of God's holiness, teach that He hates evil with a moral detestation, we look in vain, and are forced to conclude that Muhammad nowhere realizes the importance of insisting on the holiness of God.

God condemns evil, that is true, especially evil which shows itself in unbelief and opposition to His will; but He does so apparently not because of what evil is as opposed to His holy nature, but because of what it .is as opposed to His majesty and His omnipotent will.

The doctrine of the Qur'an concerning the forgiveness of sins shews plainly that sin is viewed as something expressing despite to a properly constituted authority, and not as something contrary to the very nature of God Himself, and from cover to cover there is nothing in the book to show that Muhammad appreciated the necessity of insisting on the Holiness of God and of the need for moral purity on the part of the believer.

It is because of this want that while Muhammadanism has always been and still remains a successful missionary religion when in contact with paganism, it has yet always failed as an instrument for the inculcation of

THE CHARACTER AND ATTRIBUTES OF GOD 55

moral purity in life among those tribes and nations that have come under the influence of its sway. Islam has never insisted on the necessity of a morally pure life on the part of the believer, because it has never taught as an essential a belief in the Holiness of God.