8. To persevere against the enemy in war. — This perseverance was incumbent on him, even if the enemy was more than twice as numerous as himself; but it is not incumbent upon the people, if their enemy is more than twice as numerous as themselves.
9. To repair every reverse that he suffered, though in doing so there should be fear and danger, because God had promised to keep him; but if the people are afraid to repair a reverse, their duty of doing so ceases.
10. God Himself choosing for him his pure wives, causing them to decide between selecting the fashion of the world and separating from that Excellency, on the one hand, and selecting the eternal things, with being found under the shadow of that prince's innocence, on the other. In compensation for their choosing eternity it was made unlawful for that prince to marry another wife in addition to them, or in the stead of any one of them. But the verse of the Koran enjoining this was afterwards abrogated, and another sent down in its stead, freeing him from that restraint.

(2.) Things unlawful and forbidden to the Prophet.

The reason why some things have been specially made unlawful to him is this, that the reward attached to refraining from things unlawful is greater than that attached to abstaining from things disliked and detested.

1. One of the things unlawful to that Excellency was the taking of canonical alms. This unlawfulness extends also to his family and children. For, according to a sound tradition, canonical alms have been called man's filthiest thing, and the rank of that prince's family is far above accepting men's filthiest things.. Another of those things is, that the taking of the vile legal alms means their spending them again in acts of mercy to the poor and others. In compensation for this, God gave them a portion of the spoil taken in war. But because at present they are deprived of the fifth of the spoil, some Ulemas have pronounced it lawful for them to take the canonical alms. The Ulemas disagree as to whether or not other prophets shared this restriction, and as to whether the Prophet and his family may lawfully take voluntary alms

or not. The Shafiite Ulemas hold that to take voluntary alms was unlawful to the Prophet himself, but is lawful to his family.
2. Not to eat onions, garlic, leek, and other similar things of an unpleasant smell. There is conclusive proof that he did not partake of these things. When they were offered, where he was present, he used to say to his companions, 'Do ye eat them: I therefore do not eat them, that persons unable to talk secretly with you, may do so with me.' The Shafiite Ulemas affirm that these things were not 'unlawful' to his Excellency, but disliked by him.
3. Not to eat in the same place where he slept. The Shafiite Ulemas again affirm that this was not 'unlawful' to him, but only disliked by him, as by others. There is no positive proof on the subject; and his abstaining from a thing does not imply its being unlawful.
4. Not to write.
5. Not to poetise.
6. After having put on his armour to fight with an enemy, not to take it off again without having been engaged in combat.
7. Not to look and aim at the pomp of the world used by the people.
8. Not to have a treacherous eye. The meaning of this is, not to give a sign with the hand, head, or eye that any one was to be smitten or killed, whilst the surrounding circumstances pointed to no such fate.
9. Not to give anything to any one with the object of obtaining in return more than its value.
10. Not to consummate marriage with any woman who solemnly protests against it. The Ulemas establish this by a tradition from Aisha, who said, 'When the Prophet married the daughter of a man called Gön, and was about to sit close to her in her bridal chamber, that girl said, "I take refuge from thee with God." Upon this, that prince said, "Verily thou hast taken refuge with a Great One, go and return to thy father's house."' ,
11. Not to marry a free woman from 'the people of the book,' i.e. from the Jews and Christians. It is recorded that his Excellency said, 'I begged of my Lord that I might not