that the Qur'an itself contains the record of his efforts to reach a meagre knowledge of the great religion which surrounded Arabia, and that the recognition of this leads, as I believe, to the explanation of one or two things in the Qur'an and in the Prophet's career which have hitherto been obscure. The Qur'an having thus developed unexpected interest, has occupied more space than I had originally designed to give it. In quoting from it, I have in some passages, particularly those from the earlier surahs, given my own interpretation of the Arabic; in others the rendering of Rodwell or of Sale has been adopted.

The transliteration of Arabic names is always a difficulty. I have not sought to be pedantically accurate, but have been content to adopt forms already current in English, or to represent the Arabic spelling by the nearest equivalent in Roman characters. Diacritical points have, however, sometimes been used. Any inconsistencies which have thus crept in will not, I hope, be found confusing. Where an Arabic word or phrase has had to be discussed, I have aimed at greater accuracy in transliteration.

I have tried not to overload the text with footnotes; and while I hope the essential references are given, I have omitted to refer to many books from which I have received help.

RICHARD BELL.

November 1925

   

CONTENTS

LECTURE I

PAGE
THE EASTERN CHURCH AND THE CHRISTIAN ENVIRONMENT OF ARABIA

1

LECTURE II

 

CHRISTIANITY IN SOUTH ARABIA AND ITS INFLUENCE UPON THE ARABS IN GENERAL

33

LECTURE III

 

THE BEGINNINGS OF MUHAMMAD'S RELIGIOUS ACTIVITY

64

LECTURE IV

 

THE MOULDING OF THE PROPHET

100

LECTURE V

 

THE ATTITUDE OF THE PROPHET TOWARDS CHRISTIANITY

134

LECTURE VI

 

THE CHRISTIAN POPULATIONS AT THE ARAB CONQUEST

162

LECTURE VII

 

CHRISTIAN INFLUENCES IN EARLY ISLAM

190

INDEX OF SUBJECTS

217

INDEX OF QUR'AN PASSAGES REFERRED TO

223

vii