APPENDIX III

For typographical reasons the smooth guttural Ha, the palatals Sad, Dad, Ta, Za, and the long vowels are indicated by italic. The same system is followed in the index.

CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE

A.H.  
11 M.d.; Abu Bakr Kh.
13 'Umar Kh.
14 Battle of al-Qadisiya; fall of Jerusalem; al-Basra founded; fall of Damascus.
17 Al-Kufa founded; Syria and Mesopotamia conquered.
20 Conquest of Egypt.
21 Battle of Nahawand; Persia conquered.
23 'Uthman Kh.
30 Final redaction of the Qur'an.
35 'Ali Kh.
36 Battle of Carmel.
40 'Ali d.
41 Mu'awiya I. Kh.; Herat.
49 Al-Hasan d.
56 Samarqand.
60 Schism of Ibadites from Kharijites.
61 Karbala & d. of al-Husayn.
73 Storm of Mecca & d. of 'Abd Allah b. Az-Zubayr.
74 Carthage.
80 Ma'bad executed.
81 M. b. al-Hanafiya d.
93 Toledo.
99-101 'Umar II. Kh.
110 Hasan al-Basri d.
114 Charles the Hammer at Tours (A. D. 732).
A.H.
121 Zayd b. Zayn al-'Abidin d.
124 Az-Zuhri d.
127-132 Marwan II. Kh.
130 Jahm b. Safwan killed?
131 Wasil b. 'Ata d.
132 Fall of Umayyads; as-Saffah first 'Abbasid Kh.
134 First Ibadite Imam.
135 Rabi'a d.
136-158 Al-Mansur Kh.
138-422 Umayyads of Cordova.
140 Ibn al-Muqaffa' killed.
143 Halley's comet.
144 'Amr b. 'Ubayd d.?
145 Baghdad founded; 'A'isha d. of Ja'far as-Sadiq d.
147 Homage to al-Mahdi as successor in Kh.
148 Ja'far as-Sadiq d.
150 Abu Hanifs d.; trace of Sufi monastery in Damascus.
157 Al-Awza'i d.
158-169 Al-Mahdi Kh.; John of Damascus d.?
161 Sufyan ath-Thawri d.; Ibrahim b. Adham d.
165 Da'ud b. Nusayr d.
167 Bashshar b. Burd killed.
170-193 Harun ar-Rashid Kh.
172-375 Idrisids.
179 Malik b. Anas d. 68

A.H. 182-408

369

A.H.  
182 The Qadi Abu Yusuf d.
187 Fall of Barmecides; al-Fudayl b. 'Iyad d.
189 M. b. al-Hasan d.
198-218 Al-Ma'mun Kh.
200 Ma'ruf of al-Karkh d.; trace of Sufi monastery in Khurasan.
204 Ash-Shafi'i d.
208 Abu 'Ubayda d.; the Lady Nafisa d.
211 Theodorus Abucara d.
212 Decree that the Qur'an' is created.
213 Thumama b. Ashras d.
215 Abu Sulayman of Damascus d.; 2nd decree.
218-234 The Mihna; Al-Mu'tasim Kh.
220 Ma'mar b. 'Abbad.
223 Fatima of Naysabur d.
226 Abu Hudhayl M. al-'Allaf d.
227 Bishr al-Hafi d.; al-Wathiq Kh.
231 An-Nazzam d.
232 Al-Mutawakkil Kh.
234 Decree that Qur'an is uncreated; Scotus Erigena transl. pseudo-Dionysius, A. D. 850.
240 Ibn Abi Duwad d.
241 Ahmad b. Hanbal d.
243 Al-Harith al-Muhasibi d.
245 Dhu-n-Nun d.; al-Karabisi d.
250-316 'Alids of Zaydite branch in north Persia.
255 Al-Jahiz d.
256 Ibn Karram d.
257 Al-Bukhari d.; Sari as-Saqati d.
260 Al-Kindi d.? M. b. al-Hasan al-Mutazar vanished.
A.H.
261 Muslim d.; Abu Yazid al-Bistami d.
270 Da'ud az-Zahiri d.
273 Ibn Maja d.
275 Abu Da'ud as-Sijistani d.
277 Qarmatians hold fortress in Arab 'Iraq.
279 At-Tirmidhi d.
280 Zaydite Imams at as-Sa'da and San'a.
289 'Ubayd Allah al-Mahdi in North Africa.
295-320 Al-Muqtadir 'Abbasid Kh.
297 First Fatimid Kh.; al-Junayd d.
300 Return of al-Ash'ari.
303 An-Nasa'i d.; Al-Jubba'i d.
309 Al-Hallaj executed.
317 Umayyads of Cordova take title of Commander of the Faithful; Qarmatians in Mecca.
320-447 Buwayhids; al-Ash'ari d.?
322 Ibn ash-Shalmaghani.
331 At-Tahawi d.
332 Al-Mataridi d.
333-356 Sayf ad-Dawla.
334 Buwayhids in Baghdad; ash-Shibli d.
339 Return of Black Stone by Qarmatians; al-Farabi d.
356 Fatimids conquer Egypt; Cairo founded.
360 Ikhwan as-Safa fl.
362 Ibn Hani d.
381-422 Al-Qadir Kh.
386 Abu Talib al-Makki d.
388-421 Mahmud of Ghazna.
403 Al-Baqilani d.
408 Persecution of Mu'tazilites under al-Qadir.